GPS Tracking Devices

GPS Tracking and Safety Devices

GPS is the abbreviation for Global Positioning Systems, which is the network
of satellites that are in orbit. A GPS
tracking device is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine
the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it is attached
and to record the position of the asset at regular intervals. These devices
come in different sizes and can be placed in different areas of a vehicle, item
or person.

There are two types of tracking devices; the real
time gps trackers and the historical
data loggers. Real time trackers allow a person to see the location o a
person or item being tracked in real time whereas a data logger will do the
same recording functions as the realtime tracker; ie record the route on to
the unit. However to view everything, you will have to retrieve the physical
unit and download the information into computer. So if you are trying to see
a person or unit in real time the data logger is not the unit to buy. To use
the real time trackers, there is usually an activation fee and a monthly subscription
fee. The subscription comes with a bundle that includes mapping software, hardware,
installation and tracking service.

The data loggers on the other hand are a lot cheaper. Your cost is just the
cost of the unit and maye an activation fee. So who needs or uses a GPS device?
Well it deends but there many different applications for GPS devices.

They are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions. This
is one of the major uses of GPS devices.



Applications:

Applications include sole vehicle recovery, asset tracking, field service management,
field sales, trailer tracking. Some people uses it for covert operations such
as in cases infidelity, for instance, a spouse may want to track his or her
other half to see where they go. Others my use it for wildlife tracking etc.
So the uses are many.

There are many types of tracking devices. many of them are DIY. Very simple
to use and install. for example the TrimTrak Real time GPS Tracking unit, the
Trackstick
data logger and others. these units are ready-to-go units or plug and play
units. Not much technical know how is required.



GPS for Fleet Tracking

GPS use for fleet tracking is one of the major use of these devices. It is generally
utilized when there is a need for fleet management or ensuring that customer
service is adhered to. This is especially the case when a company wants to ensure
that drivers are driving to destinations as assigned and on time. Also with
the real-time vehicle tracking web interface, a dispatcher can see where the
fleet is within minutes and re-route a driver to a new call in the same area
saving time, gas, money, and overtime.

GPS Device for Covert Tracking

With every device there are many uses. And that is no exception with tracking
devices. Many people purchase GPS tracking devices to perform covert tracking.
And covert tracking includes a spouse tracking a husband or wife or someone
tracking another person to prove something. Maybe evident for whatever reason.
Some people may the device on their car maybe because of theft fears or to track
their child's driving habits.

These devices ae quite comprehensive interms of the details they provide. Some
of these details include speed, time of stoppage at a give location etc. So
for a wife trying to track a husbands activities, she can collect a good amount
of information.



GPS for child tracking

The world we live in is a dangerous place and becoming more so as time goes
by. Keeping children secure is a top priority for parents. There are many ways
to do this but one way that can be very useful is the child GPS device. These
are fairly new but becoming more popular all the time. Are you wondering if
you should use a child GPS device for safety? If so, then you should consider
the benefits that they have to offer. For one thing, you will have the means
to track and locate your child’s whereabouts at any given time.

This can be an extremely useful device when it comes to keeping track of your
children. If you have a child that has to walk to and from school you worry
about their safety while walking. This device can let you know they have made
it to school safely and help you locate them if they do not return on time.
Since small children have a tendency of running after anything that catches
their eye, they can get away from you fast. In a crowded area it can be hard
to find them, but not if you have a child GPS device for safety.

As your child becomes a teenager it gets harder to keep track of them. Many
times they would prefer you not know where they are going and who they are hanging
out with especially after they begin driving. Many will tell you they are at
one place when they are really staying with someone else. If you place a child
GPS device for safety in their car, then you will know for sure. It limits the
risk that your teen can take, or at the very least provides you a way of knowing
that they are putting themselves in danger. Some of these devices can provide
you with your child’s heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature.
This information can help you know if your child feels comfortable or if they
have a sense of fear and discomfort.

Your teenager may not be the only person that feels like these child GPS devices
for safety may be a little extravagant. There are a lot of parents that disagree
with these devices. They feel like they can trust their child and that everyone
should just give them a chance. This may be true for many children, but you
have to take into consideration peer pressure and the fact that a teen can get
pushed into things that they prefer not to do. If their friends know that you
are keeping track of where they go, they want be pressuring them to go places
they shouldn’t. Still this is a personal decision that every parent will
need to make when they are considering their child’s safety.

Below is a video of a new Russian tracking device that many parents are touting.
But ofcouse here in the USA, there are many other child tracking devices

Where GPS devices can be bought:

Buying a GPS device - What to look for.. click
here

How to protect your home

Protecting Your Home

You have probably heard of the saying "No where like home".
The first place we think of wanting to be when in danger is the home. This could either be our home or someone elses home. Maybe a relative's or a friends. This is because your home (or that of a relation) is your safety zone, where you think you will feel safe and be protected from danger.
We say this on the assumption that you live in a standard home which has good doors and good windows that can be locked from the inside and/or outside. We also assume that you have a telephone in the house that you can use to communicate with the outside.

Buy your items at www.safetybasement.com

These are the basic safety requirements in the standard house. They ar necessary basics but not necessarily enough. We believe it is essential to add to these basic items. And they don't have to be expensive options. We will review some of these items in the coming paragraphs.

Why have moree safeguards than just the basics
We safeguard our homes for a number of reasons: Burglars, animals, debris from outside, wind, fire, rain etc etc. Usually, when our homes are built, they already have the basic safeguards against all the above factors. Note the word, Basic.
Depending on what type of a neighborhood we live in, we increase or decrease our safety precautions accordingly. We advise to err on the side of increasing rather than decreasing. The rule of thumb is to be able to ramp up your home security to atleast double the standard security measures. For example being able to double lock your window when you need to and maybe engage a security alarm that you use in emergency situations.
Let us discuss the two areas that need attention. Inside and outside measures.
Inside Measures (physical Security)
Physical aspects:
-Fit mortise dead-locks to all outer doors. Exterior doors should be of sturdy construction but make sure that they are fitted to equally sturdy door frames. Glazed doors should be fitted with burglar bars and obscured with blinds or curtains.
-Know where all keys for your outer doors are. If you cannot account for them all - CHANGE THE LOCK.
-Fit strong door chains to outer doors - AND USE THEM.
-If your residence is above ground or if you have no view of your front door fit an entry-phone and electrically-operated door release. Alternatively fit an optical viewer to enable you to see visitors before opening.
-Fit window locks on ground-floor windows and to any upper floors to which access can easily be obtained, especially those hidden from the view of neighbours and passers-by. Any opening windows not normally used can be permanently screwed to the frame.
-Fit burglar bars to accessible windows that are hidden from the view of neighbours and passers-by.
-Light the approach to your house with exterior lights placed out of reach. See that this lighting is regularly used and maintained.
-Leave a 'courtesy' light burning in the area of the front door during the hours of darkness.
-Consider the use of other forms of security lighting for use in emergencies or when suspicion is aroused. Floodlights placed in strategic points make it difficult for would-be assailants to escape without detection or to hide in the shadows.
-Always have reserve lighting to hand, such as flashlights, paraffin lamps and candles.
-Depending on the assessed degree of threat, consider installing a burglar alarm system in your house, and in your garage if you have one. Boundary fencing which makes access to your property difficult for intruders can also be installed. There are boundary alarm systems that can be fitted to warn of penetration.
-In the absence of peripheral alarm systems, encourage the growth of trees and hedges near your boundary which hinder access to your property. Keep fences in good repair. Try to block the view from the street into rooms which are most often used.
-Remove and trim shrubs near your house, particularly near paths and driveways, to make concealment of attackers and devices difficult.
-Always keep at least one approved fire extinguisher in an easily accessible place.
-Ensure that there is an easily accessible fire escape, about which your family should know and which should be obvious to visitors.
-Fit a doorbell if you do not have one and make sure that it is working at all times.


Outside Measures
Outside security precautions include clearing brush around your house. This makes sure that there is not a place that can be used by burglars as hiding spots. Remember burglars do not want to be caught and have to go through the risk of being chased and getting caught. So if the risks are too great, a burglar will rather not take the change. So keeping some clear distance your house and shrubs around the house is good.

Why do people commit crimes?

Why do people commit crimes?

When we watch the daily news and see people in handcuffs being led off to jail, we ask ourselves, "why did they do it". We ask the same question about someone who devised an elaborate scheme to either defraud or lie when it seems like they could have easily gotten themselves out of the situation very easily - by not having done it! or done it to a much lesser degree.

No single variable has been significantly associated with criminal behavior but several researchers have empirically studied crime to explain why people commit crime. Six factors have been identified from research literature as having a significant influence on criminal behavior:
Stress. Stress in the form of pressure from parents, job, family, or peer groups.

Environmental conditions under which crime flourishes. These conditions include such things as inadequate security, a pervading emphasis on being successful, the opinion that everyone commits some type of crime, and the absence of the apprehension and/or punishment of criminals.

Criminal intelligence. There are conflicting results as to the relationship between IQ and crime. Most of the research indicates a strong negative correlation but some evidence suggests that the relationship depends on the capability of the criminal to assess the degree of risk involved in committing a criminal act at a particular place and time.

Personality characteristics of criminals. People with a high need for approval commit crime more often and people concerned about negative evaluations commit crime even more often. Males self-report committing crimes more than females do.

Lack of understanding and consensus among some people as to what constitutes crime. The more that people perceive a particular criminal behavior as occurring, the less likely they will view it as a crime.

The level of moral judgment and will that is expressed by criminals. In theory, people who think at a more sophisticated level of moral reasoning are less likely to commit crime because it is difficult for them to justify such behavior on rational moral grounds. However, research on the influence of moral reasoning on conduct and will is inconclusive.

Crime is a complex psychological, sociological, and situational behavior. Criminals may externalize that their crime is a futile endeavor because it is out of their control, or conversely, they may view their crimes as a means of shifting control from the environment to themselves. Criminals may internalize by believing they have control over events and can deal with the situation without committing crimes, or conversely, they may resort to crime as a means of controlling what appears to be a capricious situation.



Article compiled by WKA, Addo Enterprises, Personal Safety Products, law Enforcement Supplies, Surveillance Cameras
References:
http://www.holysmoke.org
http://tkdtutor.com/06Theory/Psychology/CriminalMind.htm

I think therefore I am, How is your mental strength

I think therefore I am - How is your mental strength?

Do you recall your Theory of Knowledge or Philosophy classes? The saying "I think therefore I am"? In the 17th century, the French philosopher René Descartes came up with this as the "explanation for it all" This statement has been the source of debates in many a philosophy classes. It was the existential "which came first" story… the chicken or the egg.
If I choose to think someone has insulted me, then I am insulted. If I choose to think I am afraid, then I am afraid. If I choose to think I am impatient, then I am impatient. On the other side, if I choose to think I am at peace, then I am at peace (or at least headed in that direction). Or is it the other way round?

The point we are trying to make, for the purpose if this write-up, is that thoughts always precede the actions. Thus the importance of "managing" our thoughts and not let them run rampant. They are not the "directors" of our show. They are simply the precursors to action. The problem is that once you think a situation is hopeless, then you give up on it and do nothing… after all if it's hopeless, there is nothing you can do. Right? Wrong!
The key is to think "outside the box" of our habitual programmed thinking.

Let put this in the context of safety measures. You are confronted by an attacker. You have several options. Run away in panic, stop and asses the situation to "think" the best course of action or just totally surrender to the attacker without any thought because you are totally petrified.

If you are confronted by someone, the first thing is to asses the situation. Don't panic. Think! This may sound impossible but you can think even while you talk or run. What does this person want. What is my escape options and how can I accomplish this escape. Do I pull my Taser gun, stun gun or pepper spray out and use it? If I cannot easily escape should I give in? Will giving in lessen the risk of getting hurt?
Obviously these thoughts will go through your mind at the speed of light and it might take a split second to decide whether to run, fight or stand and talk it out. It takes training to actually think and decide on a plan of action, in the heat of the moment. This is why it is important to always have an exit strategy in case of emergency.

A good example of this is the incident that happened in March of this year. When Brian Nichols shot and killed a court judge in Atlanta, GA. He then escaped and eventually held Ashley Smith hostage. This is a perfect case of getting out of a bad situation by believing that it can be done. She picked the best option that "increased" her chances of survival.
"She acted very cool and levelheaded. We don't normally see that in our profession," Gwinnett County Police officer Darren Moloney said of Smith. "It was an absolutely best-case scenario that happened, a complete opposite of what you expected to happen. We were prepared for the worst and got the best. She was very strong through the whole thing," he said.

Some situations could end up being fatal no matter what you do and sometimes running may be the only option available. But being able to seize up a situation greatly improves survival chances. Practice, we think, is the best medicine. Thinking about what to do in an emergency is very helpful. It improves your confidence level and increases the chance that you will make the right decision at that critical moment. Think it, and good chance it will be.

WKA - Addo Enterprises

Why people loot after a disaster

Why people loot after a disaster

Why People Loot.

Societies are maintained by sets of rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are enforced by law enforcement personnel and the norms and structures of society. When you steal, society will know about it and you will be found. Under normal conditions, the looter or thief will stand out and both the police and society will take note.
Take a look at another angle: You hate what you have. You hate your neighbor. You hate many things about yourself, about other people and you just feel like things are stacked against you. Basically you have some sort of pent up anger or frustration. But you can't do anything about it because chances are you might be caught. Your personal morales, fear of of the law and fear of the wrath of society keeps you at bay.








Then one day disaster strikes- law and order breaks down. The structures of society collapse and no one cares what the other person is doing. In instances like this, personal morals and fear of the law disappear. Pent up emotions can rise to the top. An abnormal sense of entitlement takes over and people no longer feel guilty of taking what doesn't belong to them.

"Disasters alter the normative structure of communities, which generally guides human behavior. When there is a sense of confusion and ambiguity, and people find themselves in dire straits, people sometimes engage in behavior that they themselves would not find acceptable," says Dr. Daniel Sarabia, a sociologist at Roanoke College who teaches a class called "Crowds, Panic and Disasters."_"In the absence of being able to procure the very basic of necessities, some people will engage in behavior normally defined as deviant. This is not necessarily a moral lapse, but values can temporarily change in disasters. Norms have not been thrown out the window, but events cause people to grapple with what's normal."


Dr. Pam Haldeman, chair of the Sociology, Gerontology, Social Work, and Documentary Film and Social Justice programs at Mount St. Mary's College in Los Angeles, puts it this way, "Looting and vandalism are the outcome of longterm, pent-up frustration, marginalization, alienation, hopelessness, anger, and lack of social control," Haldeman says. "When these are combined with an opportunity structure to act out, people do. It is not surprising and is predictable."



Can you recall recent incidents of this? The Rodney King beating and subsequent riot? After the fall of Baghdad,Iraq? (2003) Hurricane Katrina,New Orleans? (2005)Earthquake in Kashmir,Pakistan? (2005).

In all these examples, there seem to be a common thread.



Piece written by WKA - Addo Enterprises - Retailer of self defense products. Taser gun, pepper spray, law enforcement equipment, stun gun, spy cameras and lots of information on personal safety.

http://collaborativepr.editme.com/psychologicalaspects

Auto security - Know your car thief

Motor Vehicle Crime

The effects of motor vehicle crime
Apart from your home, your car is probably your most valuable possession and possibly the most vulnerable.
Thousands of cars are stolen every year, or broken into and property taken. Some vehicles are never recovered, and those which are recovered have often been damaged by thieves and left undriveable.
Motor vehicle crime is a serious problem and, apart from the general inconvenience or hire costs for a replacement vehicle until insurance payout, the loss can be a traumatic experience for the owner.
The wider implications of motor vehicle crime can affect the whole community, as criminals have been known to steal motor cars to commit serious offences and have, at times, been the cause of fatal traffic accidents.
This information has been prepared by the Police Community Relations Section to raise public awareness of motor vehicle crime, and to provide information for owners on ways to improve motor vehicle security.

Car thieves in profile
There are four types of thieves committing motor vehicle crimes:
The opportunist car thief
This criminal, frequently called a "joyrider", looks for vehicles to use as a means of temporary transport. An unprotected car, easy to break into, will be searched for and if an insecure one is not found, a forced entry will be made to a vehicle parked at a location providing cover. The stolen vehicle is normally abandoned the same day.
The professional car thief
This criminal intends either to keep the car or sell it for profit in an altered condition. The vehicle may be stripped, resprayed, modified and resold with changed identification numbers and registration plates.
The secondary thief
This criminal does not steal the car for itself but for the specific purpose of committing a further crime. The vehicle may remain hidden for a few days, possibly fitted with false plates, and used for a robbery or similar offence. The vehicle is normally abandoned immediately afterwards.
The property thief
This criminal is not interested in stealing the car, but is after any property owners may have left inside.
Apart from actual car thieves, from time to time there are people who attempt to sell vehicles which are not stolen but subject to substantial hire purchase financial agreements. These fraudsters are sometimes found at car fairs waiting to tempt the unsuspecting with a favourable price. Alternatively, they may advertise in a newspaper for sale column at a bargain rate.

Parking your car
The specific location of a parked motor vehicle can be a determining factor in whether it is targeted by thieves.
Parking in a quiet area provides more opportunities and time for thieves to commit motor vehicle crimes unobserved.
Be selective when seeking a parking spot. Try to use car park buildings that are attended and position your vehicle near entrance and exit ways where possible.
Where feasible use locations providing camera surveillance or security patrols.
If parking at night, choose a well-illuminated, busy street and park your vehicle close to a street light. Avoid a poorly-lit or isolated street without much activity.
Generally occupying a parking space in view of a steady flow of pedestrians and vehicles reduces the risk of your car being targeted by thieves.
At home the car should be locked in a garage if available, or parked in the driveway under a sensor light.
Some owners mistakenly assume that their car will be safe in the driveway and leave possessions and valuables inside. Where security has not been observed overnight thefts can result in thieves obtaining expensive sunglasses, sports equipment, clothing and electrical equipment.
Tourists and people on holiday can be a prime target for car thieves. Drivers using a rental car tend to be more relaxed and less aware than when driving their own vehicle, and may not pay attention to security when parking. Tourists tend to visit local attractions, often leaving rental cars containing their valuables parked at the site. Some car thieves monitor such places looking for signs indicating a tourist or holiday maker's vehicle. Visible signs of maps, luggage, photographic equipment, tourist brochures and books, and clothing are an invitation to thieves to break into the vehicle.

Leaving your car unattended
When parking anywhere, packages and other items that could attract a criminal should not be left on display. Concealing items under a seat is not a guarantee of safety as thieves are aware of popular hiding places.
Do not move goods from the inside of your car into the boot on arrival at your parking location. A thief may be watching and break into the vehicle once you have left.
Do not leave your keys in the ignition or conceal a spare ignition key in the vehicle - a thief may find it. Do not leave house keys in your car.
Check that all doors are locked and windows closed, including sunroof if fitted, and retract any telescopic aerial.
If an alarm is fitted, always turn it on when leaving your vehicle unattended.
Never leave in the car important documents such as credit cards, cheque book, driving licence or registration papers. A thief stealing your car could use the documents to try to sell the vehicle.
Do not leave valuable items in the car or any other property if you can avoid it. Many modern cars are fitted with a boot release lever in the passenger compartment. A thief forcing entry would have easy access to any property in the boot.
Avoid leaving any papers in the car with your name and address on. A thief stealing your vehicle, or property from it, could decide to visit your home.
Before leaving your car, conduct a visual check of the immediate vicinity for any suspicious person watching your vehicle. Any such person loitering nearby increases the risk of your car being targeted - drive to a different location for parking.

The value of deterrents in reducing risks
The risk of theft can be minimised by the application of physical security measures to your vehicle.
Etching the windows with a chassis number is likely to deter the professional car thief from targeting the vehicle.
The opportunist car thief is after a vehicle providing easy access, that can be started without difficulty, and driven away quickly. This type of thief is unlikely to be deterred by window etching, but a vehicle fitted with an anti-theft device will provide a good level of protection.
The property thief will take any attractive goods left in the vehicle, but will primarily be after the radio cassette system. Marking the sound system with the vehicle's registration number makes it difficult for the thief to sell and has a deterrent value.
A security coded radio cassette system is useless to a thief as the equipment will not operate once disconnected unless the correct code number is re-entered. Warning stickers should be displayed indicating that the equipment is security coded.
Owners should retain a record of serial numbers of radio cassette systems. Additionally, placing secret marks on a vehicle can lead to identification and recovery at a later stage should the vehicle be stolen and disguised. This is a particularly relevant to expensive, rare or exotic models favoured by the professional thief.

Enhancing security with protective devices
Motor vehicles can be protected by the anti-theft devices which slow down or foil thieves. The more time a criminal spends attempting to steal a vehicle increases the likelihood of discovery and apprehension. The following are some of the different types available that can be fitted to your vehicle:
• Ignition cut out switch or ignition shield
• Fuel cut out switch
• Battery isolator
• Steering wheel lock
• Hand brake lock
• Transmission lock
• Wheel lock
• Lockable fuel cap & wheel nuts (fuel & wheels are frequently stolen)
• Vehicle Alarm System

Car alarms are one of the more popular deterrent systems with different types available, ranging from glass break detectors to ultrasonic motion sensors. To operate a car alarm to maximum benefit, there should be instantaneous protection of all doors, bonnet, boot and interior. It is preferable to have alarms professionally installed, particularly to avoid damaging vehicles with computer controlled systems.

Purchasing a used motor vehicle
Apart from considering vehicle security when parking, it is important to observe sensible practices when evaluating a vehicle for potential purchase.
Following sensible guidelines will reduce the risk of unwittingly buying a stolen vehicle or one with previous finance outstanding.
A major part of vehicle sales is via advertisements. Treat with caution any advertisement specifying a time to telephone. It is a possibility that such a number may be a public phone box or an address of an associate of the seller.
When telephoning the seller, do not describe the vehicle but advise that you are enquiring about the car advertised for sale. The person answering will then be obliged to declare whether there is more than one vehicle on sale. In this way you will determine whether the seller is a dealer, or a private person who may be dubious.
Go to where the vehicle is on sale rather than have the person bring the vehicle to you. A dishonest seller is unlikely to allow a prospective purchaser to visit a home address.
Keep a lookout for signs of casual car dealing or rebuilding, such as other vehicles present in various states of repair, or component parts scattered around in garages and driveways.
When at the address where the vehicle is, try and establish whether the seller actually lives there. It is advisable for women visiting an address of an unknown seller to have a companion for any personal security concerns.
Make sure you know where to find the engine and chassis numbers, and check for signs of any interference. You can, if you wish, check that the numbers match those on the registration papers. Check the registration papers for any sign of alteration.
If the seller does not have the registration papers, ask why, and consider asking for personal identification.
Prudence dictates not purchasing a motor vehicle without first confirming the seller's title to ownership.
Where a person attempting to sell a vehicle appears suspicious, or the vehicle is of questionable appearance, the Police should be contacted for the registration number to be checked in case it has been reported stolen.
Caution should be exercised when purchasing a vehicle privately and payment made by cheque which has to be paid into an account.
A private sale does not contain the protection available to the consumer as when purchasing through a Licensed Motor Vehicle Dealer.

Crime prevention
If you are unfortunate enough to have your car stolen, it should be reported to the Police immediately and the registration number provided.
Car crime can be reduced by discouraging thieves if motorists take note of the measures outlined.
Vehicle owners, as members of the community, can also participate in making other motorist's vehicles more secure by being alert to any suspicious activity and reporting it promptly to the Police.

This article by NZ police department.
Compiled by WKA. Addo Enterprises

The priority of First Aid

The priority for first-aid is ABC:

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.

As you perform each step, gently talk to the patient in a quiet, reassuring, unhurried tone. Ask their permission, and proceed if there is no response, or they give permission. If they deny permission, ask them their name. If they don't reply, they may be confused or have a brain injury. If you think they are confused, tell them so, and repeatedly ask permission, and give them care. If they become combative, stop giving care. When you do something, tell them what you are doing.

First aid 1:
First, look the person over. Look for obvious wounds, or unsymmetrical body parts. Consider whether they are immediate danger. If they are about to die from fire, heavy traffic, or some other hazard, move them. If you are trained in spinal isolation, use it. However, remove them from the hazard. If they do '''not''' need to move, '''do not move them''' unless you have appropriate training and equipment.



First aid 2A:
If they're breathing, skip to 1C, circulation. The best way to check for breathing is to feel a person's chest or stomach for motion. If modesty forbids, an alternative is to place the back of one's hand in front of the person's mouth or nose, and feel for warmth.

If the patient is not breathing, check their airway. Clear the person's airway: If they are unconscious, and they are lying on their back, tilt their head back so that the back of their tongue does not fall back to block their airway. If they are lying on their side, turn their head so that the tongue falls forward. If they still do not breath, put on a glove or shield your finger with plastic or cloth, and use your finger to attempt to sweep any debris from their mouth.

First aid 2B:
Check their breathing. If there is a sucking wound in their chest, block it with petrolated gauze, plastic, or your hand. If you are trained in CPR, you can begin breathing for them- remember to use a face shield to prevent cross infection- improvise one from clothing if necessary.

First aid 2C:
Check their circulation. Apply pressure to major wounds to prevent bleeding. If their heart is stopped, and you are trained in CPR, begin CPR.

First aid 3:
Examine the patient for shock. Look for very rapid breathing, more than twice as rapid as yours, and confirm by touching their skin. If they are clammy or cold, or the breathing is sufficiently rapid, they are entering shock. Have them sit down. If they are sitting, have them lay down. If they are laying down, have them raise their legs. The object is to raise the blood pressure to their inner organs to prevent oxygen starvation of major tissues- which is one way that shock kills. If possible, try to keep shock victims dry and warm to reduce their need for oxygen. If you have oxygen and know how to administer it, do so.

First aid 4:
In some emergencies, such as earthquakes or an isolated accident, emergency services may be unable to arrive for several days. In this case, you or others you designate may need to perform longer-term care. For long term treatment in disasters, wound-care and cleanliness is the most important issue.

If possible, administer pressure bandages to stop bleeding, and free first-aid personnel.

Administer splints to broken limbs with the intent to immobilize broken limbs. Do not attempt to straighten limbs, because broken bones might cut an artery.

Injured or ill persons should not be given water or anything by mouth. There are multiple reason for this (gastrointestinal lacerations or bleeding, lacerated esophagus, etc). The main reason though, is that the victim may have to undergo surgery, and any substances by mouth will probably complicate things for the physicians and surgeons that will treat the victim later. Also, you do not know for sure what exactly is wrong with the victim and the extent of the victims injuries, and may inadvertantly hurt him/her.

If the patient(s) are exposed, and the weather is cold, rainy or very hot and sunny, shelter them (preferred) or (less preferred) move them to a less-exposed area. Temperatures as high as 55F or as low as 95F can injure by exposure for an hour- this is a major hazard in longer term care.

Proper bedding and dressings are preferable, but fresh, unopened newspapers are sterile, and can be used to improvise dressings, blankets and clean areas.

Antibiotic ointment, if available, can save during long-term care. It should be spread freely on wounds. Some authorities even advocate gently packing it into deep, dirty, slowly-bleeding wounds.

A number of painful events usually end safely. Extreme toothaches usually end by forming an abcess, killing the tooth, and then possibly having it fall out. This is painful, but usually not life-threatening. Childbirth is also usually painful, but not life-threatening.

This article reproduced from:
http://library.chsscout.net/First_Aid/article-110-page-one.shtml
image courtesy of:
http://depts.washington.edu


This article courtesy of:
WKA, Addo Enterprises
Self Defense Products. Stun gun, taser gun, spy equipment, law enforcement equipment and much more. Be proactive, think safety-always

Preventing child drowning

Drowning is the second most common cause of death among kids ages 14 and younger. Why? Kids are attracted to water and it only takes one inch of water for a child to drown.It is therefore extremely important to maintain Safety in and around your pool. And in addition to any safety meaures we propose below, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE RESPONSIBLE ADULT AT ALL TIMES.


- TIPS - -Never leave your child unattended in a pool, spa or hot tub - Download - Preventing Child Drownings from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
-Install and routinely inspect fences, self-closing and latching gates, baby barrier fences and alarms
-Have life-saving devices like a pool/hook or flotation devices near the pool
-Warning signs by the manufacturer, builder, or installer are displayed according to the manufacturers' specifications
-Children under three years and children who cannot swim must wear a life jacket or personal floatation device.
-Have emergency phone numbers listed at the telephone closest to the pool
-Remove all toys from the pool after use so children are not tempted to reach for them later
-Secure the pool so that children can not get back in after they are done swimming



Tips on Preventing Drowning (Birth to 4 Years Old):
-Never leave children unattended in or near the swimming pool, even for a moment.
-Don't leave them in a flotation device or under the supervision of another young child. –
-Stay within an arm's length or touching your children at all times.
-When supervising children in a swimming pool, don't allow yourself to be distracted by conversation or other activities. Keep your attention on them at all times.
-You (or whoever is supervising children in and around water) should know how to swim, how to perform CPR, and where the nearest phone and life preservers are in case of an emergency.
-If your child will be in a child care program, find out what water activities they will participate in. Ask about child-staff ratio, supervision, and CPR training.
-Air-filled flotation devices like water wings are fine in the swimming pool. But if you are participating in water sports or near an open body of water, use a Coast Guard-approved life preserver instead.
Tips on Preventing Drowning (5 to 12 Years Old):
-Teach them how to swim.
-Remember that swimming lessons do not drown-proof your children.
-Teach them never to swim alone; they should use the buddy system, and have adult supervision.
-Teach them to always enter a new swimming pool area feet first. Teach them to find out (or ask you) the depth of the pool, and check for obstacles, before jumping in.
Tips on Preventing Drowning (13 to 19 Years Old)-Teach them everything that 5 to 12 year olds are taught, PLUS:
-Teach them the dangers of mixing swimming with drugs and/or alcohol consumption.
-Remember that boys in this age group are at much higher risk than girls, so take extra care to teach them safety.
-Teach them CPR, or find a class for them to take.
Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Guidelines for Rescue Breathing
If an accident happens, you should first determine if the child is conscious and breathing by seeing if he/she responds to gentle shaking. Be especially careful if the child may have sustained head or neck trauma so as not to cause spinal cord injury. But even if the child is conscious—or if you have any doubts whatsoever—you should immediately call “911” or the emergency medical services number in your area. If the child is unconscious, follow the procedures below:
1. Call out for help. Stay with the child while someone else calls “911” or other EMS number in your area. If you are alone and the child is obviously not breathing, try one minute of CPR rescue breathing techniques before leaving the child to call for help.
2. Position the child on his/her back, lying flat on a firm surface. If there is evidence of head and neck injury, use extreme caution in moving the child and keep in mind that the child must be turned as a unit with firm support of the head and neck so the head does not roll, twist, or tilt.
3. Straighten the neck (unless injury is suspected) and lift the jaw.
4. Give slow steady breaths into the infant’s nose and mouth; into the larger child’s mouth with
nostrils pinched closed. 5. Breathe at 20 breaths per minute for infants and 15 breaths per minute for children, using only
enough air to move the chest up and down.

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Sources:Water Safety (American Academy of Pediatrics)Drowning Prevention Strategies (National Children's Center)Leading Cause of Death Reports (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control)Water Safety Checklist for Kids (PDF) (Safe Kids)http://nespapool.org